The intoxicating aroma of a new car smell, often regarded as a symbol of freshness and luxury, might not be as harmless as it seems. This specific scent is primarily a cocktail of chemicals known as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), among other hazardous substances, which can potentially pose health risks.^[1] Recognizing this, California has instituted Proposition 65, mandating warnings about significant exposures to harmful chemicals.^[4] This article delves into the health implications of these substances and outlines strategies to reduce their impact.

The Issue Under the Hood

The Emission of VOCs

Volatile Organic Compounds, or VOCs, emanate from certain solids or liquids. The distinct new car smell largely results from the VOCs off-gassing from components like the dashboard, upholstery, carpeting, and the steering wheel. The most commonly identified VOCs in cars include formaldehyde, toluene, and benzene, which are associated with detrimental health impacts.^[1]

Harmful Substances in Vehicles

New cars house other harmful substances besides VOCs, such as flame retardants, plasticizers, and heavy metals. These substances are present in seat covers, plastic components, and even the car’s air conditioning system, thereby posing potential health risks.^[2-3]

Cancer Risks and Proposition 65

California’s Proposition 65, or the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, mandates warnings for exposures to chemicals causing cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. Several chemicals found in new cars come under this regulation, thus implying a potential link between new car interiors and cancer risks.^[4]

Health Consequences of the New Car Smell

Short-Term Impacts

Exposure to VOCs and other harmful chemicals in new cars can lead to various short-term health effects, from minor discomfort like throat, eye, and nose irritation, headaches, and dizziness, to severe conditions such as nausea and vomiting.^[5] For individuals with pre-existing conditions such as allergies or asthma, these effects can intensify, leading to aggravated symptoms and breathing issues.^[6]

Long-Term Impacts

Long-term exposure to these chemicals carries grave risks. Chronic inhalation of VOCs and other carcinogenic substances may result in chronic respiratory issues, liver and kidney damage, and neurological problems.^[7] The primary concern is the increased risk of cancer, given that benzene, a common VOC found in new cars, is a known human carcinogen, and prolonged exposure may cause leukemia and other types of blood cell cancers.^[8]

Minimizing the Toxic Impact from New Cars

Methods for Off-Gassing

To mitigate the toxic impact from a new car, it’s essential to allow it to off-gas. Park your car in a well-ventilated area or under sunlight, and keep the windows open to the extent possible. The warmer temperatures speed up the off-gassing process, reducing the amount of VOCs in the car.^[1]

Using Activated Carbon Filters

Activated carbon filters can help reduce the toxic load from your car. Activated carbon, or activated charcoal, can effectively absorb VOCs and other harmful chemicals, filtering them out before they reach the cabin. You can install these filters in the car’s ventilation system or use them as standalone air purifiers in the car.^[9]

Absorbing Chemicals

Place harmless absorbing substances like baking soda or zeolite in the vehicle to absorb chemical smells. Regularly replacing or refreshing these materials is crucial to prevent reintroduction of the smells into the vehicle.

Preemptive Car Purchase

If possible, buy your new car well in advance. This approach allows ample time for off-gassing, reducing the VOC concentration when you begin using the car. During this period, regularly ventilating the car and using activated carbon filters can assist in the removal of harmful compounds.

Regular Maintenance and Ventilation

Regular car maintenance, such as vacuuming and cleaning, can help remove toxic particles that have accumulated. Furthermore, ventilation is crucial. Even after initial off-gassing, chemicals can continue to be released. Therefore, drive with windows open when possible, or use the ventilation system to bring in fresh air, thereby reducing the concentration of toxins inside the car.

Choosing a Used Car

Opting for a lightly used car over a brand-new one can effectively reduce exposure to harmful VOCs and chemicals. Once a car has been in use for several years, much of the initial off-gassing has already taken place. The concentration of VOCs is typically significantly lower in used cars, making them a healthier choice.^[1]

When purchasing a used car, it’s vital to inquire about the vehicle’s history, including the cleaning and maintenance products used, as these could introduce additional chemicals. Have a mechanic inspect the car for safety reasons and to ensure the ventilation system is functioning properly. To further reduce any remaining toxic load, consider cleaning the car with eco-friendly products and employ the strategies suggested for new cars: regular ventilation, usage of activated carbon filters, and maintaining good ventilation while driving.

Summary

The appeal of a new car is undeniable, but it’s important to understand the potential health risks associated with that distinctive new car smell. Short-term exposure can lead to discomfort and exacerbate health conditions, while long-term exposure can potentially cause cancer. However, steps such as allowing your car to off-gas, using activated carbon filters, and ensuring good ventilation can reduce these risks. Alternatively, purchasing a lightly used car can also significantly decrease exposure to these harmful substances. Making an informed decision is crucial for your health.

References:

1.  Guo, R. et al. “Evaluation of Typical Volatile Organic Compounds Levels in New Vehicles under Static and Driving Conditions.” International journal of environmental research and public health vol. 19,12 7048. 9 Jun. 2022, doi:10.3390/ijerph19127048.
2. “February 2022: Study Invite: Are There Flame Retardants in Your Car?” Green Science Policy Institute, greensciencepolicy.org/news-events/newsletter/february-2022-study-invite-are-there-flame-retardants-in-your-car.
3. Maximoff, S.N. “Performance Evaluation of Activated Carbon Sorbents for Indoor Air Purification during Normal and Wildfire Events.” Science Direct, doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135314.
4. Reddam, A., and D.C. Volz. “Inhalation of Two Prop 65-Listed Chemicals within Vehicles May Be Associated with Increased Cancer Risk.” Environment International, vol. 149, 2021, p. 106402, doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106402.
5.  “Volatile Organic Compounds’ Impact on Indoor Air Quality.” EPA, Environmental Protection Agency,www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality.
6. [6] Nurmatov, U.B., et al. “Volatile Organic Compounds and Risk of Asthma and Allergy: A Systematic Review.” European Respiratory Review, vol. 24, no. 135, 2015, pp. 92–101, doi:10.1183/09059180.00000714.
7. Batterman, S. et al. “Personal exposure to mixtures of volatile organic compounds: modeling and further