Skiing offers thrilling descents and picturesque chairlift rides, making it a cherished winter activity. However, this snowy paradise conceals a growing environmental problem—PFAS pollution—that is beginning to tarnish the reputation of beloved mountain towns. This critical yet often overlooked issue highlights the environmental impacts of skiing related to the use of certain chemicals in ski equipment.
The Problem: PFAS in Ski Resorts
PFAS (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are chemicals valued for their water and stain-resistance properties and are prevalent in various consumer products.[1] In skiing, PFAS are commonly found in ski wax, which is applied to the bottoms of skis and snowboards to enhance performance.[2] These chemicals scrape off into the snow during skiing. When the snow melts, PFAS begin to seep into the groundwater, becoming a persistent environmental threat due to their non-degradable nature.
Environmental Impact
PFAS are known as “forever chemicals” because they do not break down in the environment and accumulate in water bodies and soil.[1] The springtime melting of contaminated snow carries PFAS into local water systems, impacting aquatic life and the broader ecosystem, including flora and fauna dependent on these water sources.[3] This issue is particularly acute in mountain towns where snowmelt is a critical water resource.
Health Implications
The leaching of PFAS into water supplies poses significant health risks, including thyroid dysfunction, certain cancers, and reproductive issues.[1,4] These chemicals can accumulate in the human body over time, leading to chronic health conditions. Communities relying on groundwater are especially at risk, facing high costs and complex challenges in removing PFAS from their water supplies.[5]
Economic Consequences
Addressing PFAS contamination incurs severe financial costs. Cleaning up water systems is technically challenging and expensive, often requiring millions of dollars in filtration systems.[6] The economic burden extends to local governments and taxpayers and can affect local real estate values and tourism, which are key economic factors for ski resort towns.
Regulatory and Industry Response
Awareness of PFAS risks has led some ski resorts and industry stakeholders to adopt bans on PFAS-containing ski waxes, opting for safer alternatives.[7] Regulatory bodies are also enforcing stricter controls on using and disposing PFAS to mitigate long-term environmental and health risks.
Alternative Solutions and Best Practices
The ski industry is exploring safer alternatives to traditional ski waxes, such as products from biodegradable components that exclude PFAS. Ski resorts also invest in environmental management education programs to promote sustainable products among consumers and businesses.
Summary
The impact of PFAS in ski resorts encompasses environmental, health, and economic concerns. Understanding these challenges and taking proactive steps can help protect mountain regions’ natural beauty and public health. The future focus will likely be on sustainable practices and stricter regulations to mitigate the effects of these persistent pollutants.
References:
- “Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS).” National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Accessed 28 Apr. 2024.
- Crawford, Kathryn A., and Nicola Hartmann. “Respiratory Exposure to Highly Fluorinated Chemicals via Application of Ski Wax and Related Health Effects.” Current Environmental Health Reports vol. 11,1 (2024): 39-45.
- Jha, Gaurav, et al. “Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems: Environmental Exposure and Human Health Risks.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health vol. 18,23 (2021).
- Fenton, Suzanne E et al. “Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Toxicity and Human Health Review: Current State of Knowledge and Strategies for Informing Future Research.” Environmental toxicology and chemistry vol. 40,3 (2021).
- Australian Government PFAS Taskforce. “FAQs.” Accessed 28 Apr. 2024.
- Cordner, Alissa, et al. “The True Cost of PFAS and the Benefits of Acting Now.” Environmental science & technology vol. 55,14 (2021).
- “Skiers Leaving ‘Forever Chemicals’ on Pistes, Study Finds.” The Guardian. Accessed 28 Apr. 2024.